Fluoride is a trace mineral best known for its role in maintaining strong teeth and preventing cavities. It helps protect the enamel that coats your teeth—the hard outer surface—making it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria and sugars in the mouth.
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Fluoride supports the process of remineralization, where minerals lost from the enamel during the early stages of tooth decay are replaced. It can even reverse the early signs of decay and reduce the need for more invasive dental procedures. This is why fluoride is a common additive in toothpaste, mouth rinses, and community water supplies.
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In addition to its dental benefits, fluoride contributes to bone health. It is involved in the maintenance of bone mineral density and may help reduce the risk of fractures, particularly in older adults, though excessive fluoride can weaken bones.
The primary sources of fluoride include fluoridated drinking water, toothpaste, black tea, seafood, and some mineral waters. Children and adults benefit most from small, consistent exposure to fluoride, especially through oral hygiene products.
The adequate intake (AI) of fluoride is:
Men: 4 mg/day
Women: 3 mg/day
Children: lower doses depending on age (consult pediatric guidelines)
Deficiency can increase the risk of dental caries (cavities), especially in children. However, excessive fluoride intake—usually from over-supplementation or swallowing toothpaste—can lead to fluorosis, which causes mottled teeth in children or, in rare cases, skeletal fluorosis in adults.
In summary, fluoride is the tooth protector and enamel fortifier, supporting lifelong oral health and complementing overall mineral balance. Used wisely and in the right amounts, it’s a small but mighty ally in your wellness toolkit.
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